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Paper Wallet Creator Tutorial: Secure Cold Storage

Paper wallets are one of the oldest and most straightforward forms of cryptocurrency cold storage. A paper wallet is simply a physical document that contains a public address for receiving cryptocurrency and the corresponding private key for spending it, typically printed as both human-readable text and QR codes. When created correctly and stored securely, paper wallets provide air-gapped security that is immune to online attacks.

SafeSeed's Paper Wallet Creator generates these documents entirely in your browser. No private keys are transmitted to any server, and the tool can be used in a fully offline environment for maximum security.

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Create a paper wallet at safeseed.app/tools/paper-wallet/ — fully client-side, works offline.

What Is a Paper Wallet?​

A paper wallet is a printed document that stores two essential pieces of information:

  1. Public Address: The address where others can send cryptocurrency to you. This can be shared freely.
  2. Private Key: The secret key that allows you to spend the cryptocurrency sent to the public address. This must be kept absolutely confidential.

Both are typically displayed in two formats:

  • Text: The full alphanumeric string
  • QR Code: A scannable code for convenient use with wallet apps

The security model is simple: as long as the paper is physically secure and the private key has not been observed by anyone else, the funds are safe. There is no software vulnerability, no firmware exploit, and no remote attack vector — only physical security matters.

Paper Wallets in 2026: Are They Still Relevant?​

Paper wallets have been partially superseded by hardware wallets for day-to-day use, but they retain several advantages:

  • Simplicity: No firmware, no software, no batteries — just paper
  • Cost: Free to create, unlike hardware wallets that cost $60-200+
  • Independence: No reliance on any manufacturer's continued existence
  • Gift-friendly: Easy to create as cryptocurrency gifts
  • Supplementary backup: Works alongside hardware wallets as a last-resort recovery mechanism
  • Education: Excellent for understanding how cryptocurrency keys work at a fundamental level

The main disadvantages are that paper is physically fragile (susceptible to water, fire, and degradation) and that spending from a paper wallet requires importing the private key into software, which creates a brief window of digital exposure.

Step-by-Step: Creating a Paper Wallet​

Prerequisites​

  • A computer with a modern web browser
  • A printer (ideally not a networked printer — see security considerations)
  • High-quality paper (acid-free or archival paper for long-term storage)
  • For significant holdings: an air-gapped computer (see Offline Usage Guide)

Step 1: Open the Paper Wallet Creator​

Navigate to safeseed.app/tools/paper-wallet/ in your browser. The tool loads entirely client-side.

For maximum security, disconnect from the internet after the page loads. The tool will continue to function without any network connection.

Step 2: Select Your Cryptocurrency​

Choose the cryptocurrency for which you want to create a paper wallet. SafeSeed supports 15+ blockchains including:

  • Bitcoin (BTC) — Legacy, SegWit, and Native SegWit formats
  • Ethereum (ETH)
  • Litecoin (LTC)
  • Bitcoin Cash (BCH)
  • And many more (see Supported Blockchains)

Each cryptocurrency uses different address formats and key derivation, so ensure you select the correct one.

Step 3: Generate the Wallet​

Click Generate to create a new key pair. The tool generates a cryptographically random private key using your browser's Web Crypto API and derives the corresponding public address.

Each click produces an entirely new, independent key pair. There is no relationship between consecutively generated wallets.

Step 4: (Optional) Add BIP-38 Encryption​

BIP-38 encryption adds a password layer to your private key. When enabled:

  • The private key displayed on the paper wallet is encrypted with your chosen password
  • Anyone who obtains the paper wallet cannot spend the funds without also knowing the password
  • The encrypted key starts with 6P instead of the usual 5 (for uncompressed) or K/L (for compressed)

BIP-38 Password Guidelines:

  • Use a strong password: at least 12 characters with mixed case, numbers, and symbols
  • Store the password separately from the paper wallet
  • A lost password means permanently inaccessible funds — there is no recovery mechanism
  • Write the password down and store it in a different physical location than the wallet

BIP-38 encryption is highly recommended if there is any chance someone else could physically access your paper wallet. It adds defense-in-depth: an attacker needs both the paper and the password.

Step 5: Review the Generated Wallet​

Before printing, carefully review the displayed information:

  • Public Address: This is where you will send cryptocurrency. Verify the address format matches your selected cryptocurrency.
  • Private Key (WIF): This is the spending key in Wallet Import Format. Guard this carefully.
  • QR Codes: Both the public address and private key are encoded as QR codes for scanning convenience.

Step 6: Print the Wallet​

Click the Print button to generate a print-ready layout. Before printing, consider these security practices:

Printer Security:

  • Best: Use a USB-connected printer that has never been on a network
  • Acceptable: Use a local printer connected via USB, with Wi-Fi disabled
  • Avoid: Network printers, cloud-connected printers (HP+, Google Cloud Print), or shared office printers

Networked printers may cache print jobs, create logs, or transmit data. A USB-connected, non-smart printer eliminates these risks.

Print Settings:

  • Use high-quality print mode for clear QR codes
  • Print in black and white (color fades faster)
  • Use the highest DPI your printer supports
  • Print a test page first to ensure QR codes scan correctly

Step 7: Verify the QR Codes​

After printing, scan both QR codes with your phone's camera or a QR reader to verify they match the on-screen values:

  1. Public Address QR: Should decode to the same address shown on screen
  2. Private Key QR: Should decode to the same WIF private key shown on screen

If either QR code fails to scan, reprint at a higher quality setting. A QR code that scans in controlled conditions may fail to scan later when the paper has aged — start with the best quality possible.

Step 8: Fold and Seal​

The paper wallet layout includes fold lines designed so that the private key is hidden inside and the public address remains visible on the outside. This allows you to:

  • Share the public address (outside) for receiving funds
  • Keep the private key (inside) concealed
  • Detect if someone has unfolded the wallet to view the private key

For additional tamper evidence:

  • Apply a holographic tamper-evident sticker over the sealed edge
  • Laminate the folded wallet (protects against water damage too)
  • Place in a sealed envelope signed across the seal

Step 9: Store Securely​

The security of your paper wallet now depends entirely on physical security:

Home Storage:

  • A fireproof, waterproof safe
  • A locked filing cabinet (lower security, suitable for smaller amounts)
  • Hidden location known only to you

Off-Site Storage:

  • A safe deposit box at a bank
  • A fireproof safe at a trusted family member's home
  • A sealed envelope with a trusted attorney (for estate planning)

Storage Tips:

  • Store in a zip-lock bag to protect against moisture
  • Keep away from direct sunlight (UV degrades ink over time)
  • Make 2-3 copies stored in different physical locations
  • Consider lamination for water and tear protection
  • Include a note (separate from the wallet) explaining what the paper is and how to use it, for estate planning purposes

Step 10: Fund the Wallet​

Send cryptocurrency to the public address printed on your paper wallet. You can:

  1. Scan the public address QR code from any wallet app
  2. Manually enter the public address into your exchange or wallet

Start with a small test amount and verify it arrives before sending larger sums. Use a blockchain explorer (like mempool.space for Bitcoin or etherscan.io for Ethereum) to confirm the transaction.

Spending From a Paper Wallet​

When you are ready to spend the funds from your paper wallet, you need to "sweep" or "import" the private key into a software wallet.

Sweeping vs. Importing​

MethodDescriptionRecommendation
SweepCreates a new transaction sending all funds from the paper wallet to a new address in your software walletRecommended — the paper wallet is fully emptied
ImportAdds the paper wallet's private key to your software wallet directlyUse with caution — if you spend only part of the balance, the "change" may go to a different address

Always sweep rather than import. When you sweep, all funds move to an address fully controlled by your software wallet. The paper wallet becomes empty and can be destroyed. This eliminates the risk of accidentally losing funds through change address confusion.

How to Sweep​

  1. Open your wallet software (Electrum, BlueWallet, or similar)
  2. Find the "Sweep" or "Import Private Key" option
  3. Scan the private key QR code from your paper wallet
  4. The wallet will create a transaction moving all funds to a new address it controls
  5. Confirm the transaction and wait for blockchain confirmation
  6. Verify the paper wallet address is now empty using a blockchain explorer
  7. Destroy the paper wallet (shred or burn) — the private key is now compromised since it was entered into software

BIP-38 Encrypted Wallets​

If your paper wallet uses BIP-38 encryption:

  1. You will need to enter the password when sweeping
  2. The wallet software will decrypt the private key using your password
  3. Then proceed with the sweep as normal
  4. If you have forgotten the password, the funds are permanently inaccessible

Security Considerations​

The Printer Problem​

Printers are the most overlooked security risk in paper wallet creation. Modern printers with network connectivity, internal storage, or cloud features can retain copies of everything they print.

Mitigations:

  • Use a dedicated, inexpensive USB-only printer (a basic inkjet costs under $50)
  • After printing, some printers allow you to clear the print spool/cache
  • For maximum security, use the printer only for paper wallets and nothing else
  • If you must use a shared printer, print on an air-gapped computer connected to the printer by USB, with the printer's Wi-Fi disabled

The Screen Problem​

While you view the generated wallet on your screen, the private key is visible. Malware, screen sharing, or even security cameras could capture it.

Mitigations:

  • Generate on an air-gapped computer (see Offline Usage Guide)
  • Ensure no screen recording or sharing software is running
  • Be aware of security cameras in your environment
  • Close the browser tab immediately after printing

Paper Degradation​

Paper is not a permanent medium. Over years or decades:

  • Ink fades (especially inkjet ink exposed to light)
  • Paper becomes brittle and yellows
  • Moisture causes mold and disintegration
  • Fire destroys everything

Mitigations:

  • Use laser printing (toner is more durable than inkjet ink)
  • Store in a sealed, opaque container
  • Laminate the paper wallet
  • Make multiple copies in different locations
  • Consider supplementing with a metal backup (stamp the private key on steel)

Address Reuse​

Each paper wallet should ideally be used only once:

  1. Fund it once (you can send to it multiple times, but consolidation is simpler)
  2. When you need to spend, sweep the entire balance in one operation
  3. Destroy the paper wallet
  4. If you need cold storage again, create a new paper wallet

Address reuse can reduce privacy (blockchain analysis can link transactions) and, in some theoretical scenarios, can slightly reduce security. For practical purposes, the privacy concern is the more pressing one.

Paper Wallets for Specific Cryptocurrencies​

Bitcoin Paper Wallets​

Bitcoin paper wallets can use several address formats:

  • Legacy (P2PKH): Addresses starting with 1. Universally compatible but higher fees.
  • SegWit (P2SH-P2WPKH): Addresses starting with 3. Lower fees, widely compatible.
  • Native SegWit (P2WPKH): Addresses starting with bc1q. Lowest fees, modern standard.
  • Taproot (P2TR): Addresses starting with bc1p. Latest format with advanced capabilities.

For paper wallets, Native SegWit (bc1q) is recommended as it offers the lowest transaction fees when you eventually sweep the wallet.

Ethereum Paper Wallets​

Ethereum paper wallets contain:

  • A single address (starting with 0x) used for ETH and all ERC-20 tokens
  • The corresponding private key (64 hex characters)

Important: If you store ERC-20 tokens on a paper wallet address, you will also need ETH at that address to pay gas fees when sweeping.

Multi-Currency Approach​

For users holding multiple cryptocurrencies, you have two approaches:

  1. Separate paper wallets per coin: Generate one paper wallet for each cryptocurrency. Simpler and more isolated.
  2. Seed phrase based: Generate a BIP-39 seed phrase with the Seed Phrase Generator and derive addresses for each coin using the Address Generator. One seed controls all coins.

For most users, the seed phrase approach is superior because you back up one phrase instead of many individual keys.

Paper Wallet Templates and Designs​

SafeSeed's Paper Wallet Creator offers several layout options designed for security and usability:

Standard Layout​

The default layout places the public address and QR code on one side and the private key (with QR code) on the other, with fold lines between them. This is the most common paper wallet format and is well-understood by the community.

Compact Layout​

A smaller format that fits multiple wallets on a single page. Useful when generating multiple paper wallets for distribution (e.g., as gifts) or for creating multiple cold storage addresses.

Detailed Layout​

Includes additional information such as:

  • The cryptocurrency type and network
  • Creation date
  • Instructions for sweeping
  • The derivation path (if generated from a seed phrase)
  • Space for personal notes

Paper Wallets for Estate Planning​

Cryptocurrency inheritance is a growing concern. Paper wallets can play a role in estate planning:

  1. Create paper wallets for your cryptocurrency holdings
  2. Add BIP-38 encryption with a password
  3. Store the paper wallet in a safe deposit box or with an attorney
  4. Store the password in your will or in a separate sealed envelope with instructions
  5. Include clear written instructions for how to sweep the wallet (your heirs may not be technically savvy)

Consider including:

  • What software to use for sweeping (with specific version recommendations)
  • Which blockchain explorers to use for verification
  • Contact information for a technically knowledgeable friend who can assist
  • A brief explanation of what cryptocurrency is and how it has value

Alternatives to Paper Wallets​

Paper wallets are one of several cold storage approaches:

MethodCostDurabilityEase of UseSecurity
Paper walletFreeLow (fire, water)MediumHigh (if created properly)
Hardware wallet$60-200+HighHighVery high
Metal seed backup$20-80Very high (fire, water)MediumHigh
Steel plate engraving$10-30 (DIY)Very highLowHigh
Brain wallet (memorization)FreeN/A (human memory)LowVery low (do not use)

For most users in 2026, a hardware wallet (Ledger, Trezor, Keystone) with a metal seed phrase backup is the recommended primary cold storage solution. Paper wallets serve well as supplementary backups, for gifting, or for users who prefer the simplicity of a purely physical solution.

FAQ​

How long does a paper wallet last?​

With proper storage (sealed container, away from light and moisture, acid-free paper, laser printing), a paper wallet can last 10-20+ years. The primary enemies are moisture, UV light, and heat. Laminated paper wallets stored in fireproof safes have the best longevity. For truly long-term storage (decades), supplement with a metal backup.

Can I add more funds to an existing paper wallet?​

Yes, you can send cryptocurrency to a paper wallet's public address as many times as you want. The funds accumulate at that address. However, when you sweep the wallet, you should sweep the entire balance at once and then create a new paper wallet if needed.

What if my paper wallet is damaged and a QR code won't scan?​

If the QR codes are damaged but the text strings are still readable, you can manually enter the private key into your wallet software. This is why paper wallets print both QR codes and text — redundancy. If both the QR code and text are damaged, partial recovery may be possible if you can reconstruct enough characters.

Is a paper wallet safer than a hardware wallet?​

Neither is inherently safer — they have different threat models. A paper wallet is immune to firmware exploits and supply chain attacks but vulnerable to physical theft and environmental damage. A hardware wallet is more convenient and can be used for transactions directly but relies on firmware integrity. Ideally, use both: a hardware wallet for regular transactions and a paper wallet (or metal seed backup) as a last-resort recovery option.

Can I create a paper wallet for an ERC-20 token?​

ERC-20 tokens share the same address format as Ethereum. A paper wallet generated for Ethereum will work for any ERC-20 token. Simply send the tokens to the paper wallet's Ethereum address. Remember that you will need ETH at the same address to pay gas when sweeping.

What if someone finds my paper wallet?​

If your paper wallet is not BIP-38 encrypted, anyone who finds it can sweep the funds immediately. This is why physical security is paramount, and why BIP-38 encryption is strongly recommended. With BIP-38, the finder would need both the paper and the password.

Can I verify my paper wallet balance without exposing the private key?​

Absolutely. You can check the balance of any public address using a blockchain explorer (mempool.space for Bitcoin, etherscan.io for Ethereum) without ever touching the private key. Simply enter or scan the public address. Checking balances has zero security implications.

Should I test my paper wallet before storing significant funds?​

Yes. Always send a small test amount to the paper wallet address, verify it arrives using a blockchain explorer, then practice sweeping it into a software wallet. This confirms the entire workflow works before you commit larger amounts.